جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی منطقه‌ای

جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی منطقه‌ای

ارزیابی تغییرات کاربری اراضی حوضه آبریز الشتر با استفاده از مدل HEC- HMS

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی -پژوهشی کاربردی

نویسندگان
فاطمه ساکی 1
مهتاب ساکی 2
1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و ژئومورفولوژی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 دانش‌جوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد ملایر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ملایر، ایران
چکیده
حوضه آبریز الشتر، به دلیل موقعیت جغرافیایی، شرایط اقلیمی و وابستگی معیشتی، در سال‌های اخیر با فشار فزاینده‌ای بر منابع طبیعی روبه‌رو شده است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش ارزیابی تغییرات کاربری اراضی حوضه آبریز الشتر بـا استفاده از مدل HEC- HMS، است. بدین جهت ابتدا نقشه کاربری اراضی حوضه آبریز الشتر برای سال‌های1385 به بعد تهیه شد. بمنظور تعیین تلفات اولیه بارش و ارتفاع رواناب منطقه مورد مطالعه، روش SCS و برای روندیابی سیل روش ماسکینگام بکار گرفته شد. جهت ارزیابی اثر تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر ویژگی‌های سیل، داده‌های بارش و دبی سال آبی1397 در مدل ایجاد شده با شرایط کاربری اراضی سال 1385 بکار گرفته شد. بررسی نقشه‌های کاربری اراضی، نشان از کم شدن مساحت اراضی جنگل و مراتع به میزان 71/56 و 25/28کیلومتر مربع معادل 39/7 و 68/3 درصد کل مساحت حوضه و اراضی زراعی دیم، آبی و مناطق مسکونی به ترتیب 30/58، 88/19 و 78/6 کیلومتر مربع معادل 60/7، 59/2 و 89/0 درصد افزایش داشته‌اند. نتایج بدست آمده از این ارزیابی بیانگر انست که میزان اوج رواناب به طور میانگین46/15درصد و حجم رواناب به طور میانگین 74/19 درصد زیاد شده است. به عبارتی میزان تلفات اولیه بارش کم شده و رواناب افزایش یافته است. در مجموع می‌توان بیان داشت که تغییرات کاربری اراضی شکل گرفته در حوضه آبریز الشتر(که اهم آن کاهش اراضی کشاورزی و افزایش مناطق مسکونی است) سبب افزایش اوج و حجم رواناب و در نهایت منجر به افزایش سیل‌خیزی در این حوضه شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
حوضه آبریز الشتر
تعییرات کاربری اراضی
مدل HEC- HMS
روش ماسکینگام

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluating land use changes in the AleShtar watershed using the HEC-HMS model

نویسندگان English

Fatimeh Saki 1
Mahtab Saki 2
1 PhD in Geography and Geomorphology, Research Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student in Geography and Urban Planning, Malayer Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malayer, Iran
چکیده English

Abstract The Alshatar watershed has faced increasing pressure on natural resources in recent years due to its geographical location, climatic conditions, and livelihood dependence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate land use changes in the Alshatar watershed using the HEC-HMS model.for this reason, a land use map of the Alshatar watershed was first prepared for the years 2006 and 2015. The SCS method was used to determine the initial rainfall losses and runoff height of the study area, and the Muskingum method was used to determine flood routing.To assess the effect of land use changes on flood characteristics, precipitation and discharge data from the 2018 water year were used in the model created with land use conditions from 2006.A review of land use maps shows a decrease in the area of ​​forest and rangeland by 56.71 and 28.25 square kilometers, equivalent to 39.7 and 68.3 percent of the total basin area, and an increase in rainfed and irrigated agricultural lands and residential areas by 58.30, 19.88, and 78.6 square kilometers, equivalent to 60.7, 59.2, and 89.0 percent, respectively.The results of this assessment indicate that the peak runoff rate has increased by an average of 15.46% and the runoff volume has increased by an average of 19.74%. In other words, the initial rainfall losses have decreased and the runoff has increased.In summary, it can be stated that the land use changes that have occurred in the Alshatar watershed (the most important of which is the reduction of agricultural land and the increase in residential areas) have increased the peak and volume of runoff and ultimately led to increased flooding in this basin.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

AleShtar watershed
land use changes
HEC-HMS model
Muskingum method

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جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی منطقه‌ای
دوره 10، شماره 39
تابستان 1399
صفحه 525-540