Deductive study of the form of Iranian mosques based on the tradition of architectural achievement (Case study: Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque and Reza Mosque in Tehran)

Authors

1 PhD Researcher, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, UAE Branch, Dubai.

2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Problem Statement: Transformation design is a centralized, interdisciplinary process that seeks to bring about lasting and desirable changes in behavior and shape — individuals, systems, and organizations — often for progressive social purposes. Therefore, design, on the one hand, is based on individual creativity and on the other hand, is based on methodological principles, which reflect the variety of initial orientations and selection of the design process. Today, various models have been developed for architectural design, which have tried to link the factors influencing the architectural design process, but have not been able to work well. Aim of the research: The purpose of the present study is to investigate some factors and dimensions of the traditions of architectural achievements that make it possible to achieve a design model based on these factors. Research Method: In the present study, using the structure of the method and with an analytical-descriptive approach and inductive method, the traditional factors that have unconsciously or consciously played a role in creating the work have been investigated. For this purpose, first a tradition in architecture is described and then the mosques of Sheikh Lotfollah and Reza Mosque in Tehran are selected and analyzed. Conclusion: The results of studies indicate that the principles of tradition in the form of Goharshad Mosque by the element of spatial geometry, through rotation and change of direction and a kind of transitional movement by external walls, structural and physical elements and connecting interior spaces to occur. It is continuous, however, that in the Reza Mosque of Tehran, which was built in the contemporary period, the principles of tradition have been done not only by rotating the form but also by ignoring and eliminating the elements of the mosque's key figures such as the dome and minaret. In addition, the existence of the garden pit and the separation of the mosque space from the outside space of this mosque are other traditional factors. According to the analysis of the design model based on tradition, the methods studied in the design have principles such as harmony with the natural environment, spatial organization, use of materials, type of geometry and spatial division along with visual appeal and creativity both indoors and outdoors. It is an external environment. Therefore, principles such as: modeling the architectural principles of the past without considering the need at the time of construction, mere modeling of nature and not paying attention to compatibility with nature and ecological sustainability are the weakness of the design model of contemporary mosques such as Reza Mosque in Tehran.

Keywords

References

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Geography (Regional Planning)
Volume 11, Issue 44
September 2021
Pages 225-240

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