Investigating the process of modernization in Ottoman in the 18th and 19th centuries AD

Authors

1 PhD student in the Department of History of Iran after Islam, Bojnord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnord, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Bojnord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnord, Iran.

10.22034/jgeoq.2024.303076.3277

Abstract

After centuries of Europe passing through the Renaissance and having a great situation and a golden age in all kinds of changes and modernization, Ottoman, who was located in the neighborhood of Europe and had many relations with it, hoped that the changes would also be done in his country, but this was done with It was accompanied by difficulties and its different culture and ideological government prevented major changes. In the Ottoman Empire, modernism was ignited with the Tulip era and entered a new phase with the settings of Sultan Abd al-Majid I. With a lot of ups and downs, the process of reform fell under the hands of the movement of young Turks and students who returned from Farang and gained momentum. The questions that are raised that where did modernism in Ottoman influence? And by which powerful movement was it achieved? We will delve into the answers to the main questions. We answer and follow these questions with assumptions indicating the influence from Europe and the "Young Turks Movement" brought about the process of modernization in Ottoman. The establishment of the parliament, the extinction of the sultans, and the cultural, social, educational, industrial, military, political changes, etc. can be considered as the consequences of this modernization.

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