Geography and Regional Planning

Geography and Regional Planning

Continuous evolution in the political ideas of the Muslim Brotherhood (Case study: the ideas of Rachid Ghannouchi)

Authors
Ali Asghar Mohammadi Sijani 1
Sina Forouzesh 2
Amir Teymur Rafiei 3
1 , PhD student in History, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of History, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran
10.22034/jgeoq.2022.317884.3450
Abstract
Since the 19th century, the Islamist movement has been formed to treat backwardness in Islamic countries and also to confront colonialism. In the 19th century, Islamist thinkers were more accepting of the political atmosphere of the West and were freedom-loving and innovative. With the collapse of the Ottoman Caliphate, the Islamic world faced an identity challenge as well as the necessity of confronting colonialism. The new conditions required the strengthening of anti-Westernism and the desire for a caliphate. The Muslim Brotherhood was born in these conditions and in response to the needs of the Muslims of the day. With the passage of time and the changing conditions and extensive developments in the Islamic world, the political thought of the Brotherhood evolved. The role of Rashid Ghannouchi is very prominent in the path of evolution. With his fertile mind and precise understanding of the conditions, Rashid Ghannouchi was able to make profound changes in the political and social thought of the Brotherhood. He was able to guide this movement from the station of seeking a caliphate to the station of seeking democracy. The nature of this change and transformation and its different stages is the focus of this research. This research was conducted using a historical-comparative research method, which, after collecting materials through library and documentary methods, described and analyzed the data. The results of the data analysis show that Rashid Ghannouchi is the most prominent symbol of the extensive changes in the thought of the Muslim Brotherhood, who, while preserving the fundamental principles of the Brotherhood's thought, has tried to adapt it to today's needs. Ghannouchi delicately managed a kind of transition from the idea of ​​a caliphate to a democracy.
Keywords
Continuous development
Muslim Brotherhood
fundamentalism
democratization
Rashid al-Ghannoushi
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