Geography and Regional Planning

Geography and Regional Planning

The Role of Sustainable Development in the Future of the Persian Gulf Region (A Comparative Study of Iran and Saudi Arabia)

Authors
Reza Alishahi 1
Amir Hooshang Mirkooshesh 2
Ali Mohammadzadeh 2
1 PhD student in International Relations, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University of Shahrood, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
10.22034/jgeoq.2025.544967.4334
Abstract
The Persian Gulf, due to its rich oil and gas reserves and geopolitical significance, faces numerous environmental, economic, and social challenges. This study examined the role of sustainable development in the future of the Persian Gulf region through a comparative analysis of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The primary objective was to analyze the differing approaches of these two countries in achieving sustainable development, their implications for the region’s future, and how they can utilize existing potentials and regional cooperation to attain environmental and economic sustainability. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of the Triple Bottom Line, social justice, and ecosystem management. The findings reveal that Iran and Saudi Arabia pursue different paths toward sustainable development. Saudi Arabia, through Vision 2030 and projects like NEOM, focuses on economic diversification, reducing oil dependency, and increasing the share of renewable energy. In contrast, Iran aims to utilize natural resources like solar and wind energy to reduce reliance on oil but faces significant challenges such as international sanctions and inefficient resource management. The results indicate that regional and international collaborations, technological advancements, and comprehensive environmental policies can accelerate sustainable development efforts. Ultimately, economic diversification, water resource management, climate change mitigation, and social improvement are identified as key elements of sustainable development in the Persian Gulf. This study emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in enhancing environmental sustainability and reducing economic disparities.
Keywords
Sustainable Development
Persian Gulf
Saudi Arabia
Renewable Energy
Climate Change
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