Geography and Regional Planning

Geography and Regional Planning

The need for cooperation between the countries of the RAPI region in managing the red tide phenomenon to achieve sustainable development

Authors
Mahboubeh Mohammadzadeh Kiani 1
Mostafa Amiri 2
Maryam Afshari 3
1 Law Department, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran.
2 Department of law, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish, Iran.
3 Department of Laws, Dam.C., Islamic Azad University,Damavand,Iran.
10.22034/jgeoq.2025.555265.4353
Abstract
Many environmental management issues have tended to prepare participatory plans and programs on a regional scale to achieve sustainable development and improve existing conditions, especially since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992. One of the most important environmental threats that has recently affected the Persian Gulf countries is the red tide phenomenon. One of the reasons for the emergence of red tide in the Persian Gulf and its effects is human activities on land and sea and the entry of various pollutants and industrial and urban wastewater and agricultural runoff into the Persian Gulf. It seems that major and better steps in regional cooperation between the Persian Gulf countries are necessary and necessary to improve the environmental conditions of the region and manage the red tide phenomenon. However, it remains to be seen what issues the eight Persian Gulf countries can focus on for participatory management. Therefore, this article attempts to address the necessity of participatory environmental management of red tides at the regional level by analyzing and comparing such experiences in other countries and organizations regarding environmental issues and red tides, and examining the history of red tides in the Persian Gulf countries.
Keywords
Countries of the RAPI region
Red Cross phenomenon
sustainable development
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