Geography and Regional Planning

Geography and Regional Planning

Comparative Evaluation of the Environmental Performance of Ceramic Tile Waste and Portland Cement in the Stabilization of Marl Soils with an Emphasis on Waste Reduction and Natural Environmental Pollution Mitigation (Case Study: Tabriz City)

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Ramin Nemati
2. Department of Urban Planning, Tab, C, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
10.22034/jgeoq.2026.576483.4420
Abstract
In urban areas of Iran, including Tabriz city and especially Nasr neighborhood, urban development has been challenged. On the other hand, the widespread use of cement as the most common soil stabilization material is associated with significant environmental consequences such as increased carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and destruction of natural resources. In this study, the possibility of using Portland cement and waste tile powder as a construction waste simultaneously was investigated with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of marl soil and reducing environmental impacts. For this purpose, marl soil samples were prepared with different percentages of cement equal to 3, 5, and 7 percent and waste tile powder equal to 5, 7, 10, and 20 percent, and uniaxial compression and compressive strength tests were performed on them after 28 days of curing. The results showed that adding tile waste powder to an optimum amount of about 5% increases the dry specific gravity and compressive strength of the soil, while increasing it excessively reduces the strength due to dilution of the soil load-bearing skeleton. Also, increasing the percentage of cement significantly increased the compressive strength and soil hardness, but it was accompanied by an increase in the brittle behavior of the samples. In total, a mixture of 5% tile waste powder and 5 to 7% cement is recommended as the optimum mixture.
Keywords
Marl soil
tile waste
soil stabilization
urban environment