Geography and Regional Planning

Geography and Regional Planning

The capacities of the right to the environment in creating sustainable ecotourism during the outbreak of Covid-19 from the perspective of the international legal order

Authors
1 PhD student, Department of Law, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
10.22034/jgeoq.2023.379946.3986
Abstract
The shock caused by the corona virus epidemic once again showed that people's relations with nature and with each other should be radically questioned and reviewed. Nature and environment, of which humans are also a part, is a complex network of ecosystems that includes different species and ecological cycles, which due to their complex interdependence, due to the occurrence of certain diseases such as Covid-19 It has become a crisis and the basis of human and nature co-existence has also become a problem, and negative effects such as increasing the production of hospital and household waste, increasing the consumption of water, plastic, disinfectants, detergents, disposable masks and gloves, destruction of habitats, and other effects. It has also led to numerous legal negatives. Therefore, with an action (deliberate or not) in a corner of the world against the natural process of the environment, all the economic and social and even legal systems in the world were affected, and it caused the fight against this disease to become the main priority of the world in It is 2020 and some goals of the legal and international system will be affected. Therefore, in this study, which has been carried out with a library and document method, it has been tried to examine the capacities of the right to the environment in creating sustainable ecotourism during the outbreak of Covid-19, as well as the dimensions and legal approach of fighting this disease.
Keywords

رمضانی قوام آبادی، محمدحسین(1401)، بیماری همه­گیر کرونا و صلح و امنیت بین المللی. فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی - ویژه نامة حقوق و کرونا.
صادقی،محمد؛ رییسی،لیلا؛ راعی،مسعود.( 1401). اتحادیه اروپا و بحران کرونا ویروس:پیامدها و واکنش ها، فصلنامه آمایش سیاسی فضا، دوره چهارم،شماره2(ب)بهار.
شهیدی نژاد، فرید.(1399). کرونا؛ ناجی یا فانی محیط زیست!؟. مجله تاغ، دوره 1، شماره 1.صص 27-21.
موسی زاده، رضا، (1399) بایسته­ های حقوق بین ­الملل، چاپ بیست و نهم انتشارات میزان.
Anderson, R, Heesterbeek, H, Klinkenberg, D, & Hollingsworth,. (2020). “How will Country-Based Mitigation Measures Influence the Course of the COVID-19 Epidemic? The Lancet, 395(10228), 931-934.
Brooks,T., Mittermeier, R., da Fonseca, A., Gerlach, J., Hoffmann, M., Lamoreux, J.(2006). Global biodiversity conservation priorities. Science; 313 (5783): 58-61. DOI: 10.1126/science.1127609.
Bull, A.(2019). Coastal and Marine Tourism: Routledge Pub. UK;.
Conway J.(2020). Sales growth of cleaning products due to coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United States as of March 2020. available at:  www.statista.com/statistics/1104333/cleaning-product-sales-growth.cromcorona virus-us/. assesed 23 November 2020.
Dantas, G., Siciliano, B., França, B. B., da Silva, C. M., Arbilla, G. (2020) The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci.Total Env., 729, 139085.
Demir,Y. (2021). The Effects of the New Type of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Outbreak on the World Food System. Aydın Gastronomy, 5 (2), 131-141.
Dutheil, F., Baker, J. S., Navel, V. (2020) COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 263, 114466.
Frontera, A., Martin, C., Vlachos, K., Sgubin, G. (2020) Regional air pollution persistence links to covid19 infection zoning. The Journal of Infection.
CAMS.(2020).Amid Coronavirus outbreak: Copernicus monitors reduction of particulate matter (PM2.5) over China, https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/amid-coronavirus-outbreak-copernicusmonitors, Accessed: 5 June .
Glik,D.C.(2007). Risk communication for public health emergencies. Annu Rev Public Health. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144123.
Hakovirta, M. Denuwara, N.(2020). "How COVID-19 Redefines the Concept of Sustainability", Sustainability,VOL 12.
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Vaishya, R .V. (2020). “Effects of COVID 19 Pandemic in Daily Life”, Current Medicine Research and Practice
Han, Y., Lam, J. C., Li, V. O., Guo, P., Zhang, Q., Wang, A., Downey, J. (2020) The Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution Concentrations and Lockdowns on COVID-19 Infections in Wuhan and Other Provincial Capitals in China.
Howard, J., Huang, A., Li, Z., Tufekci, Z., Zdimal, V., van der Westhuizen, H. M., Tang,V.(2020) Face masks against COVID-19: an evidence review. doi: 10.20944/preprints202004.0203.v1.
Karpenschif, M. (2020). Les conséquences de la crise du Covid-19 sur le droit européen des aides d'État. Recueil Dalloz, 2083.
Mandal, I., Pal, S. (2020) COVID-19 pandemic persuaded lockdown effects on environment over stone quarrying and crushing areas. Sci. Total Env., 139281.
Nabi, G., Wang, Y., Hao, Y., Khan, S., Wu, Y., Li, D.(2020). Massive use of disinfectants against COVID-19 poses potential risks to urban wildlife. Environmental research.188:109916-109916.
Patel, P. P., Mondal, S., Ghosh, K. G. (2020) Some respite for India's dirtiest river? Examining the Yamuna's water quality at Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Sci. Total Env., 140851.
Sarkodie ,S.A., Owusu, P.A.(2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on waste management. Environ Dev Sustain. ;23(5):7951-7960.
 doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00956-y. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
Sertkaya,B., Baş,S.(2021). The Effects of the Covid-19 Outbreak on the Turkish Economy: Risks and Possible Scenarios. Volume 11, Issue 21, 147 - 167, Dicle University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences.
Şenses, M. (2021). Science, Technology, Medicine, Epidemics and Covid-19: Historical-Philosophical-Sociological Analysis. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Studies (ASEAD), Vol: 8, Issue: 2, 350- 71.ESCARU, 2020: 11
Tiftik, C.(2021). The Effects of Working from Home on the Future Strategies of Businesses in the Process of Epidemics, Especially COVID-19. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol: 5, Issue: 1, 26-48.
Tiwari, R., Dhama, K., Khan, S., Yatoo, D., Malik, Y., Rajendra, S.(2020). COVID-19: animals, veterinary and zoonotic links. The Veterinary quarterly. 40(1): 169-182.
UNDP. (2109).Global Environment Outlook, GEO 6: Cambridge, UK;.
Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A., Ruano, M. A., Sanchez-Alcalde, L. (2020) Indirect
 Effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Sci. Total Env., 138813.
WHO.World Health Assembly authorized in May (2020). See World Health Assembly, covid-19 Response, wha73.1, 19 May, 7.
Van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D., Holbrook, M., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. (2020).Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England Journal of Medicine; 382(16): 1564-1567.