تحلیل حمایت از حقوق پناهندگان در دولت محلی ایالت کالیفرنیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله های برگرفته از رساله و پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین الملل، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران.

2 استاد گروه حقوق، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه مسائل پناهندگان در جهان بیش از پیش در حال توجه و تأمل است و در میان حمایت از حقوق آن‌ها اهمیت دارد؛ در این بین در کشورهایی که در تقسیم‌بندی سیاسی-جغرافیایی آن‌ها ایالت یا استان از خودمختاری و استقلال نسبی برخوردار است هرکدام از ایالات قوانین و مقررات ویژه‌ای در ارتباط با پناهندگان و پذیرش آن-ها دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تحلیل حمایت از حقوق پناهندگان در دولت محلی ایالت کالیفرنیای آمریکا انجام شد. مطابق یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر، موضوع پناهندگان به طور رسمی در اسناد بین‌المللی به بعد از جنگ جهانی دوم و تأسیس سازمان ملل متحد برمی‌گردد. مطابق این کنوانسیون دولت‌های متعهد حق اخراج، اعاده یا بازگرداندن پناهنده را ندارند و حقوق مروبط به کسب تابعیت و حق آزادی رفت و آمد را برای پناهندگان به رسمیت می‌شناسند. در این کنوانسیون سایر حمایت‌های حقوق در حوزه اشتغال، حق مراجعه به دادگاه، آموزش و تأمین اجتماعی به رسمیت شناخته شده است. در قوانین ایالات متحده آمریکا نیز مطابق اعلامیه حقوق و وظایف آمریکائی، ایالات‌متحده وظیفه دارد حقوق بشر همه پناهندگان را به طور یکسان اعم از مهاجرین قانونی و غیر قانونی تضمین کند، که شامل حقوق شخصی، آزادی، رفتار انسانی، حداقل تضمین‌های دادرسی مناسب، برابری و عدم تبعیض و حمایت از زندگی خصوصی و خانوادگی می‌باشد. در همین راستا دولت محلی کالیفرنیا انواع حقوق و حمایت‌های قانونی برای پناهندگان و فرزندان آن‌ها را فراهم کرده است که مهم‌ترین آن‌ها در حوزه بهداشت و خدمات عمومی، آموزش، و کار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Refugee Rights in the Government of California

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyed morteza mousavi darani 1
  • abumohammad asgarkhani 2
  • Maryam Moradi 2
1 PhD Student in International Law, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran.
2 Professor of Law, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Today, the issue of refugees in the world is becoming more and more important, and it is important to protect their rights, including in countries whose political-geographical division is a state or province of relative autonomy and independence. Each state has its own rules and regulations regarding refugees and their admission.The aim of this study was to analyze the protection of refugee rights in the local government of the state of California. According to the present study, the issue of refugees is officially covered in international documents after World War II and the establishment of the United Nations. Under the Convention, States Parties do not have the right to deport, reinstate or reinstate asylum seekers, and to recognize the right to citizenship and the right to freedom of movement for refugees. The Convention recognizes other rights in the field of employment, the right to a trial, education and social security.Under U.S. law, the United States has a duty to ensure that the rights of all refugees, both legal and illegal, are equal, including personal rights, liberty, human rights, and at least adequate legal guarantees. And non-discrimination and protection of private and family life. In this regard, the local government of California has provided a variety of rights and legal protections for refugees and their children, the most important of which are in the areas of public health, education, and employment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Refugee
  • Refugee Rights
  • Right to Education
  • Right to Work
  • Local Government of California

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فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
دوره 10، شماره 41
اسفند 1399
صفحه 33-44

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