Investigating the role and functions of food in Iran and Ottoman countries in terms of political history has been the main goal of this research. In this article, the style and eating habits of common people as well as caliphs, sultans and nobles have been examined and criticized. The issue of nutrition and the need for food has always been one of the innate and physiological needs of human beings throughout the history of human life and an issue that has been the most important factor in the survival of human life. How to eat has always been important in different eras and how to prepare and consume food has been discussed in many tablets left over from human civilizations and religious books. It seems that the food in Iran and the Ottoman Empire had differences according to the economic and social conditions, such as the luxuries that existed during and before eating, the observance of hygiene rules in eating and drinking, etc. In this research, it was found that Iranians have long looked at eating, not as eating and filling their stomachs, but as a gathering and sitting down and getting up; In other words, eating is considered a social event, and for this reason, restaurant and coffee house management has been among the occupations of the middle class of society. Ottoman culinary culture is also one of the most important culinary cultures in the world. The culinary culture of the Ottomans was extremely diverse.