The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and identifying the factors affecting social inequality among the citizens of Tehran. Urban inequalities, as one of the fundamental challenges of sustainable development, have consequences such as reducing public satisfaction, weakening social capital, and increasing cultural gaps. This study is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population included citizens of districts 1 and 20 of Tehran, and sampling was carried out in a random cluster manner. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software at two descriptive and inferential levels. The results of the study showed that the quality of urban services has a significant effect on citizen satisfaction and that individual factors such as education, employment status, place of residence, and the level of social participation play a role in the formation of social inequalities. Also, a significant difference was observed between different regions of Tehran in terms of satisfaction levels and access to services. The present study emphasizes that reducing urban inequalities requires justice-oriented policymaking, balanced distribution of resources, and strengthening citizen participation in urban decision-making processes.