جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی منطقه‌ای

جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی منطقه‌ای

از ساختار و مسیرهای زیست‌ساختی استریگولاکتون‌ها تا تنظیم رشد گیاه و توسعه کشاورزی پایدار

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی -پژوهشی کاربردی

نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
10.22034/jgeoq.2026.603509.4554
چکیده
استریگولاکتون‌ها گروهی از ترکیبات مشتق‌شده از کاروتنوئیدها و از هورمون‌های گیاهی نسبتاً جدید هستند که در تنظیم رشد، معماری گیاه، پاسخ به تنش و ارتباطات ریزوسفری نقش دارند. این ترکیبات ابتدا به‌عنوان محرک جوانه‌زنی گیاهان انگلی شناخته شدند، اما پژوهش‌های جدید نشان داده‌اند که عملکرد آن‌ها به این نقش محدود نیست. هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی جامع ماهیت شیمیایی، مسیرهای زیست‌ساخت، سازوکار ادراک و انتقال پیام، نقش‌های فیزیولوژیک و ظرفیت کاربرد استریگولاکتون‌ها در کشاورزی پایدار است.این مقاله به روش مروری ـ تحلیلی تدوین شده است. بررسی مطالعات نشان داد که استریگولاکتون‌ها از مسیر تجزیه کاروتنوئیدها و با مشارکت آنزیم‌های D27، CCD7، CCD8 و MAX1 تولید می‌شوند. گیرنده D14 و کمپلکس SCF^MAX2، عناصر اصلی ادراک و انتقال پیام این هورمون هستند. استریگولاکتون‌ها رشد جوانه‌های جانبی، پنجه‌زنی، معماری ریشه، پیری برگ و برخی فرایندهای زایشی را تنظیم می‌کنند. همچنین، این ترکیبات با قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار ارتباط برقرار کرده و جذب آب و فسفر را افزایش می‌دهند. در برابر خشکی، شوری، کمبود عناصر و تنش اکسیداتیو نیز از طریق تنظیم روزنه‌ها، تعادل یونی، فتوسنتز و سامانه‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی نقش حفاظتی دارند. از سوی دیگر، گیاهان انگلی از استریگولاکتون‌های ترشح‌شده از ریشه برای جوانه‌زنی و یافتن میزبان استفاده می‌کنند.بر اساس نتایج استریگولاکتون‌ها ظرفیت قابل‌توجهی برای استفاده به‌عنوان زیست‌محرک، ابزار اصلاح معماری گیاه، تقویت همزیستی‌های مفید و مدیریت گیاهان انگلی دارند. بااین‌حال، ناپایداری شیمیایی، وابستگی پاسخ به غلظت و تفاوت میان گونه‌های گیاهی، کاربرد گسترده آن‌ها را محدود می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

From the structure and biosynthetic pathways of strigolactones to plant growth regulation and sustainable agricultural development.

نویسنده English

Soraya Afshinmehr
Ph.D Candidate in Agrotechnology, Crop Plant Ecology, Department of Plant production and Genetics, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده English

Strigolactones are a group of relatively new plant hormones and carotenoid-derived compounds that play roles in the regulation of plant growth, architecture, stress responses, and rhizospheric interactions. These compounds were initially identified as germination stimulants for parasitic plants; however, recent studies have demonstrated that their functions extend far beyond this role. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the chemical nature, biosynthetic pathways, perception and signaling mechanisms, physiological roles, and the application potential of strigolactones in sustainable agriculture. This review was conducted using an analytical review approach.Studies have shown that strigolactones are synthesized through the carotenoid cleavage pathway involving the enzymes D27, CCD7, CCD8, and MAX1. The D14 receptor and the SCF^MAX2 complex are the key components responsible for hormone perception and signal transduction. Strigolactones regulate lateral bud growth, tillering, root architecture, leaf senescence, and several reproductive processes. In addition, these compounds interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and enhance water and phosphorus uptake. Under drought, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and oxidative stress conditions, strigolactones exert protective effects by regulating stomatal behavior, ionic balance, photosynthesis, and antioxidant systems. On the other hand, parasitic plants utilize strigolactones secreted from plant roots for germination and host identification.Based on the findings, strigolactones have considerable potential for use as biostimulants, tools for modifying plant architecture, enhancers of beneficial symbiotic interactions, and management agents for parasitic plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Plant hormone biosynthesis
Perception and signal transduction
Parasitic plants
Sustainable agriculture
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