The present study aims to analyze the role of economic sustainability of tourism in enhancing the livability of rural settlements. The importance of this subject arises from the fact that tourism, as one of the productive and employment-generating industries, can not only create economic opportunities but also improve the quality of life and social dynamism in local communities. The theoretical framework of the research is based on sustainable development models and the multidimensional livability theory (social, economic, physical, and environmental), and the relationship between economic sustainability indicators—such as justice, empowerment, productivity, welfare, and economic stability—and livability dimensions has been examined. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The statistical population includes rural households in Ilam County, and the data were analyzed using a questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and LISREL software. The results showed that the economic empowerment component, with a factor loading of 0.61, has the greatest impact on livability, followed by productivity and economic stability. Furthermore, the model fit indices, CFI = 0.91 and RMSEA = 0.076, indicate the appropriate validity of the conceptual research model. The findings also indicate that the economic sustainability of tourism leads to the enhancement of rural settlements' livability through strengthening local capacities, increasing sustainable employment, and equitable distribution of benefits. Therefore, planning for sustainable tourism in rural areas should be formulated based on economic justice, local participation, and coordinated management among regional institutions and the local community