The present study aims to analyze the impact of environmental and climatic factors on the formation of rural architecture in this province, with an emphasis on the typology of vernacular housing.This research is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive–analytical in terms of its methodology. The data were collected through documentary studies, reviewing relevant sources on vernacular architecture, and analyzing examples of rural housing in the province. The studied samples were selected from the two main regions of Sistan and Baluchestan, including areas such as Zabol, Zahak, Hirmand, Zahedan, Khash, Saravan, Iranshahr, Dalgan, Chabahar, and Konarak. The samples were analyzed based on criteria including plan form, spatial organization, materials, orientation, climatic elements, and responses to environmental conditions.The results indicate that rural architecture in Sistan and Baluchestan is the outcome of a gradual adaptation process to environmental and climatic conditions. In the Sistan region, factors such as the 120-day winds, extreme heat, dust storms, and limited vegetation have led to the development of architectural strategies including thick adobe walls, domed roofs, limited openings, wind catchers (Kolak), and introverted spatial organization. In contrast, the climatic diversity of Baluchestan has resulted in various housing types, where differences in thermal conditions, humidity, livelihood systems, and settlement patterns have influenced the form, materials, and spatial structure of dwellings in the northern, central, and southern parts of the region.