Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy towards Russia has undergone significant changes during the reign of Mohammed bin Salman. After Mohammed bin Salman came to power, Saudi Arabia has attempted to revise its traditional approach to foreign relations and move towards diversifying its strategic partners. In this regard, Riyadh’s interactions with Moscow have gone beyond economic and energy cooperation and have acquired more political and security dimensions. The main question of this article is: What are the factors influencing Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy towards Russia during the reign of Mohammed bin Salman? In this regard, the research hypothesis proposes that: The formation of a new regional order in the Middle East and the need to reduce strategic dependence on the United States have been the most important factors in Saudi Arabia’s new orientation towards strengthening relations with Russia. According to the findings of the article, several factors have influenced Saudi Arabia's foreign policy towards Russia during the bin Salman era, the most important of which are: developments in the energy market and oil prices, security and military considerations, and geopolitical calculations, the tendency towards independent acting and multilateralism. A case study of economic policies and oil diplomacy shows that cooperation with Russia, in addition to economic benefits, has been carried out in order to increase Saudi Arabia's political weight at the regional and international levels. Overall, the results of the study indicate that interaction with Russia is not simply a temporary tool for Saudi Arabia, but rather a strategic