Contemporary developments in the international system indicate that managing regional conflicts and preventing the escalation of crises has become one of the most significant security and legal challenges. The aim of this study is to analyze the historical transformations and examine international peacekeeping practices in the region with a particular emphasis on the Gaza issue, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of legal and institutional mechanisms in managing this crisis. The research method in this study is descriptive–analytical, and the data were collected through a library-based approach using legal sources, international documents, reports of international organizations, and relevant scholarly studies. The findings of the research indicate that although the international system possesses various tools and institutions for maintaining peace and managing conflicts, the effectiveness of these mechanisms in the Gaza crisis has been limited by political factors, complex field conditions, and conflicting interests among different actors. An examination of the historical developments and the performance of institutions such as the United Nations Security Council, humanitarian organizations, and diplomatic initiatives shows that international actions have largely focused on temporary crisis management and the mitigation of humanitarian consequences rather than addressing the root causes of the conflict. Consequently, strengthening coordination among international institutions, developing effective monitoring mechanisms, and simultaneously addressing the political, legal, and humanitarian dimensions of the crisis can significantly enhance the effectiveness of the international peacekeeping system and contribute to creating conditions conducive to sustainable peace in the region.