The physical development of Kermanshah city in recent decades has faced a profound structural paradox; on the one hand, excessive horizontal expansion and encroachment on peripheral resources (exogenous development) and on the other hand, the existence of large abandoned and inefficient areas in the inner city. The present study is conducted with the aim of identifying obstacles to utilizing domestic capacities and presenting an optimal development model. The research method in this study is "descriptive-analytical" that uses documentary studies, field surveys, and spatial analyses (GIS) to explore hidden layers of inefficiency in land management. The quantitative findings of the study show that Kermanshah city, with a population growth rate of 1.38 percent, needs to provide 5,649,255 square meters of new land to accommodate the projected population (977,639 people) in a 10-year horizon. This is while the results of land use analysis prove the existence of 622.7 hectares of wasteland and unused land (equivalent to 6.51 percent of the city's area) and 490.3 hectares of military land with the ability to be moved within the city's legal boundaries. The total of these land reserves has a capacity of more than twice the city's future development needs, but due to legal obstacles, land speculation, and weakness in urban management policies, they have remained in a state of physical stagnation.

While confirming the inhibitory role of physical factors (improper distribution), economic (high cost of preparation), and management