واکاوی عدالت فضایی و جری ماندرینگ در حوزه‌های انتخابیه استان سیستان و بلوچستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله های برگرفته از رساله و پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

2 استاد جغرافیای سیاسی، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

3 دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

چکیده

موضوع مهم در جغرافیای انتخابات به‌ویژه انتخابات پارلمانی یکی “تناسب در تسهیم کرسی‌های پارلمانی“ و “ جری ماندرینگ” است. که به چگونگی تغییرات یا عدم تغییرات در مرزهای حوزه انتخابیه که موجب پیروزی یک شخص یا گروه و بی عدالتی در انتخابات می‌شود که در ایران به آن کمتر پرداخته شده است. استان سیستان و بلوچستان از استان های مرزی، پیرامون و محروم کشور است که از توسعه نیافتگی رنج می برد و به لحاظ وضعیت ژئوپلیتیک از حساسیت خاصی برخوردار است و یکی عواملی که می‌تواند این روند را به توسعه یافتگی تغییر دهد مباحث جغرافیای انتخابات است در این راستا مطالعه " تناسب تسهیم " و "جری ماندرینگ " در این استان اهمیت بسزایی دارد. این مقاله که بخشی از یک تحقیق جامع در خصوص دو مقوله "تناسب تسهیم "و " جری ماندرینگ " در یازده دوره انتخابات پارلمانی در استان سیستان و بلوچستان است و صرفاً به دو موضوع فوق در این استان پرداخته‌شده است. داده‌های پژوهش با روش کتابخانه‌ای استخراج و تحلیل آن با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Spss در محیط Gis انجام‌شده است. در بررسی "تناسب تسهیم " مشاهده شد در حوزه‌های انتخابیه این استان عدالت فضایی به نسبت جمعیت و تعداد کرسی‌کمتر وجود دارد و می بایست 2 کرسی به نمایندگان این استان اضافه شود و بررسی جری ماندرینگ در این استان نشان از آن دارد که "جری ماندرینگ " واقع نشده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring Spatial Justice and Gerrymandering in Electoral District‎s of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • keramat ranjbar dastenaei 1
  • Zahra Pishgahi fard 2
  • bahador zarei 3
1 PhD in Political Geography, Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran
2 Professor of Political Geography, Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran
3 3. Associate Professor of Political Geography, Department of Political Geography
چکیده [English]

In electoral geography, particularly in parliamentary elections, a significant topic is “the proportionality in the allocation of parliamentary seats” and “gerrymandering”, addressing how changed or unchanged boundaries of electoral districts may result in the victory of an individual or group, or unfair in elections, a subject that has been neglected in Iran. Sistan and Baluchestan Province is among the border, peripheral, and deprived provinces in the country (Iran) facing underdevelopment challenges and being of paramount sensitivity given its geopolitical importance. Electoral geography may be a key factor in transforming its development. Hence, research on “proportionality in allocation” and “Gerrymandering” in this province is of great significance. The present paper, as part of a comprehensive research on the two concepts of “Proportionality in Allocation” and “Gerrymandering” in the context of eleven parliamentary election cycles in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, solely focuses on these two subjects in this province. Research data has been extracted by library method and analyzed using SPSS in GIS environment. The examination of “Proportionality in Allocation” revealed a spatial inequity in the electoral districts of this province relative to the population, and two seats should be added to the representatives of this province. In addition, the Gerrymandering investigation in this province indicates that “Gerrymandering” has not been applied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Consistent apportionment
  • Gerrymandering
  • Spatial justice
  • Electoral districts
  • Sistan and Baluchestan Province

مراجع

  1. Ahmadipour, Zahra and Mohammad Reza Hafez Nia and Abdul Wahab Khojam Lee (2010). Analysis of electoral districts in Golestan province after the Islamic revolution, Geopolitics Quarterly, 7th year, 1st issue, spring. [inPersian]
  2. Poya, Maryam. (2018). Investigating the consequences of instability in Afghanistan on political, social and cultural issues of Sistan and Baluchistan province. Quarterly Journal of Geography (Regional Planning), 9(35), 375-387. [inPersian]
  3. Pishgahi Fard, Zahra and Imran Rasti (1384). Campaigning for the 9th term of presidential elections with emphasis on the 9th term. Geographical Quarterly of the Land 9. [inPersian]
  4. Pishgahi Fard Zahra, Vahid Kayani and Zahra Mousavi (2014) Geographical Analysis of Women's Representation in the Islamic Council Elections (1st to 9th Session 1358-1391) Women's Research Journal, No. 6, 11, 23. [inPersian]
  5. Pishgahi Fard, Zahra (2012) Participation of political parties in political development and electoral behavior in Isfahan city, Geographical Researches 35, 44: 11-22. [inPersian]
  6. Taylor, P. Jay and Johnson (2006). Geography of Elections, translator: Zahra Pishgahi Fard, Tehran: Qoms Publishing. [inPersian]
  7. Jones, Marking and Rhys Jones and Michael Woods (2016). An introduction to political geography, translated by Zahra Pishgahi Fard and Rasool Akbari, Publisher: University of Tehran[inPersian].
  8. National Statistics Portal (2019). The results of the general population and housing census of 2015, population breakdown tables. [inPersian]
  9. Seyed Naseri, Mohammad Mahdi (2019). The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran: Majd Publications. [inPersian]
  10. Shahbazi, Mehboob (2010). The appreciation of democracy, Tehran: Rozeneh publishing house. [inPersian]
  11. Delavar, Ali (2018). Applied probabilities and statistics in psychology and educational sciences, Tehran: Rushd Publications. [inPersian]
  12. Omid, Hassan (2009). Farhang Omid, publisher: Rah Rosh [inPersian]
  13. Zarkani, Seyed Hadi and Morteza Razvinejad (2016) Survey and analysis of the spatial pattern of vote distribution in the 11th presidential elections of Iran, Geopolitics Quarterly, Volume 12, Number 42. [inPersian]
  14. Ghorbani Sepehr, Arash, Motaghi Dastanai, Afshin, Ansari, Zahra. (2018). A comparative study of participation in the presidential elections in Semnan province with the whole country (with an emphasis on the 11th presidential elections). Quarterly Journal of Geography (Regional Planning), 9(35), 93-115. [inPersian]
  15. Kaviani Rad, Murad and Majid Rasouli (2013). Explaining the relationship between geography and elections (geography of elections), Geopolitics Quarterly, Volume 10, Number 36. [inPersian]
  16. Karimipour, Yadullah (1381). An introduction to country divisions in Iran, Tehran: Geographical Society of Iran, Volume 1. [inPersian]
  17. Lotfi, Haider (2017). The Role of Village Mosques in Organizing Political Participation in Elections, Human Settlements Planning Studies, Volume 31, Number 1 Serial 44, Fall. [inPersian]
  18. Moin, Mohammad (2011). Moin dictionary, Tehran: Adna Ketab No publication. [inPersian]
  19. Mir, Alireza and Leila Mirshkari (2019). Province of Sistan and Baluchistan, Tehran, Publisher: Textbooks of IranAgnew, J. (1996). Mapping politics: How context counts in electoral geography. Political Geography, 15(2), 129–146. [inPersian]
  20. Agnew, J. (2018). Too many Scotlands? Place, the SNP, and the future of nationalist mobilization. Scottish Geographical Journal, 134, 5–23.
  21. Altman & Brian Amos, Daniel A (2015). Revealing Preferences: Why Gerrymanders are Hard to Prove, and What to Do about It, University of Florida - Department of Political Science Date Written: March 22, 2015
  22. Cervas Jonathan R. &Bernard Grofman (2019). Tools for Identifying Partisan Gerrymanderin
  23. Elster, Charles (2005). The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 224
  24. Estes, T. (2006). Where the Votes Are: The Electoral Geography of the Coming Democratic Majority. The Forum, 3, pp (4). Retrieved 8 Sep. 2019, from doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1085
  25. Forest, Benjamin (2017). Electoral geography: From mapping votes to representing power, November 2017, Geography Compass,
  26. Forgette, Richard and Glen Platt (2005); Redistricting principles and incumbency protection In the U.S. Congress, Political Geography, Number 24, 934-95
  27. Griffith, Elmer (1907). The Rise and Development of the Gerrymander. Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Co. pp. 72–73.
  28. Guest, Olivia & Bradley C. Love & Bradley C. Love (2017). Gerrymandering and Computational Redistricting, Arxiv: 1711.04640v1 [cs.CY] 13 Nov
  29. Guest, Olivia & Bradley C. Love & Bradley C. Love (2019). Journal of Computational Social Science 2:119–131
  30. Horn, Mark (1999). GIS and Geography of politics, Research Engineer at CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences in Australia. Research interests: decision support systems; locational analysis; transport planning P: 939
  31. Jeong, Daheon&Aiav, Shenov, (2016). The Targeting and Impact of Partisan Gerrymandering: Evidence from a Legislative Discontinuity, University of California, SantaCruz; Corresponding
  32. Johnston, R. J. & Pattie, C. J. (2006). Putting voters in their place: Geography and elections in Great Britain. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  33. Knudson, Kevin (2019). The Mathematics of Gerrymandering, Department of Mathematics Event time: Wednesday, July 24, 2019 - 2:00pm Location: LOM 206 Speaker: Diana Davis, Beth Malmskog, Nikki Kennedy
  34. Liptak, A. (2017). Justices to hear major challenge to partisan gerrymandering. The New York Times.
  35. Mclean, I. (2009). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, London: Oxford.
  36. Nicholas Jon Crane, Kevin Grove (2018). An active role for political geography in our current conjuncture, Geography Compass, 10.1111/gec3.12410, 12, 11,
  37. Pitts, Michael J (2018). What Has Twenty-Five Years of Racial Gerrymandering Doctrine Achieved, UC IRVINE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 9].
  38. c. o (2020), Geography and the Gerrymander, the American Political Science Review, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Aug. 1918), pp. 403-426
  39. Shin, M. (2001). The politicization of place in Italy. Political Geography, 20, 331–352.
  40. Shin, Michael (2015). Electoral Geography in the Twenty‐First Century,
  41. Stephanopoulos, Nicholas O. & Christopher Warshawy (2019). The Impact of Partisan Gerrymandering on Political Parties, Electronic copy available at:
  42. Taylor, A.H. (1973a), 'Variations in the relationship between class and voting in England 1950-1970-64,
  43. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2019). 5th ed. s.v. “gerrymander,” accessed. July3
  44. https://www.amazon.com/American-Heritage-Dictionary-English-Language/dp/0395448956
  45. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=gerrymander

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار